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Explore our collection of technical notes, brochures, and publications designed to support your research and optimize your icIEF workflows.

Whether you need in-depth application guides, product specifications, or scientific studies, our resources provide the expertise and data you need to achieve reliable, high-resolution results.

Recent developments of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing technology for in-depth biopharmaceutical characterization

Tao Bo, Feng Yang, Bo Yan, David A. Michels, Tiemin Huang, and Janusz Pawliszyn
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 187, June 2025, 118212

Advancing protein heterogeneity analysis: Nano-flow pressure mobilization for precise icIEF fractionation and online MS detection

Teresa Kwok, She Lin Chan, Niusheng Xu, Tiemin Huang, and Tao Bo
Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 701, June 2025, 115825; Available online 2 March 2025

An integrated protocol based on workflows of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) for in-depth protein heterogenous characterization: High-efficient fractionation and online mass spectrometry detection

Teresa Kwok, She Lin Chan, Mike Zhou, Tong Chen, Niusheng Xu, Victor Li, Tiemin Huang, and Tao Bo
Green Analytical Chemistry,Volume 12, March 2025, 100204; Available online 12 January 2025

An Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Separation of the Linear and Cyclic Variants of a Mimotope of the Cancer-Related CD20 Antigen–Validation and Statistical Evaluation

Georg Bloderer, Luigi Grassi, Chiara Cabrele, and Hanno Stutz
Journal of Separation Science, December 2024; 48:e70054

In-depth characterization of a cysteine-linked ADC disitamab vedotin by multiple LC-MS analysis methods and cutting-edge imaged capillary isoelectric focusing coupled with native mass spectrometry

Gang Wu, Xiaoxi Zhang, Xin Wang, Jialiang Du, Meng Li, Gangling Xu, Min Du, and Chuanfei Yu
Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 1736, 8 November 2024, 465353

Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (icIEF-MS) for Cysteine-Linked Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Heterogeneity Characterization Under Native Condition

Xiaoxi Zhang, Gang Wu, Min Du, Tao Bo, Tong Chen, and Tiemin Huang
Electrophoresis, 2024;0:1–12

Mass spectrometry study on SARS-CoV-2 recombinant vaccine with comprehensive separation techniques to characterize complex heterogeneity

Gang Wu, Jialiang Du, Chuanfei Yu, Zhihao Fu, Xiaoxi Zhang, Lan Wang, Junzhi Wang
Analytica Chimica Acta, Available online 12 February 2024, 342349

Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry using nano electrospray ionization (ESI) for protein heterogeneity characterization

Teresa Kwok, She Lin Chan, Matthew Courtney, Mike Zhou, Tiemin Huang, Tao Bo, Victor Li, Tong Chen
Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 680, 1 November 2023, 115312

Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing employing fluorocarbon and methylcellulose coated fused silica capillary for characterization of charge heterogeneity of protein biopharmaceuticals

Teresa Kwok, She Lin Chan, Jessica Shi, Mike Zhou, Anna Schaefer, Tao Bo, Victor Li, Tiemin Huang, Tong Chen
Separation Science Plus, 2023; 2200160

Integrating ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and imaged capillary isoelectric focusing for in-depth characterization of complex fusion proteins

Wenhong Fan, Xiang Li, Zhen Long, Dening Pei, Xinchang Shi, Guangyu Wang, Ying Guo, Tao Bo, Yong Zhou, and Tong Chen
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 2023; 37(8): e9484. doi: 10.1002/rcm. 9484

Fractionation and online mass spectrometry based on imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) for characterizing charge heterogeneity of therapeutic antibody

Teresa Kwok, Mike Zhou, Anna Schaefer, Tao Bo, Victor Li, Tiemin Huang, and Tong Chen
Analytical Methods, Volume 15 (2023)

Mass Spectrometry-Based Charge Heterogeneity Characterization of Therapeutic mAbs with Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing and Ion-Exchange Chromatography as Separation Techniques

Gang Wu, Chuanfei Yu, Wenbo Wang, Jialiang Du, Zhihao Fu, Gangling Xu, Meng Li, and Lan Wang
Analytical Chemistry, Volume 95 (2023),

High-efficient characterization of complex protein drugs by imaged capillary isoelectric focusing

Teresa Kwok, She Lin Chan, Mike Zhou, Anna Schaefer, Tao Bo, Tiemin Huang, Victor Li, and Tong Chen
Separation Sciences Plus (2022),

Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) tandem high resolution mass spectrometry for charged heterogeneity of protein drugs in biopharmaceutical discovery

Xiaoxi Zhang, Teresa Kwok, Mike Zhou, Min Du, Victor Li, Tao Bo, Tiemin Huang, and Tong Chen
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 224 (2023) 115178,

Cutting-edge mass spectrometry strategy based on imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) technology for characterizing charge heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody

Xiaoxi Zhang, Tong Chen, Victor Li, Tao Bo, Min Du, and Tiemin Huang
Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 660, 1 January 2023, 114961

White paper: Critical reagents for successful iCIEF

Advanced Electrophoresis Solutions Ltd.
October, 2022,

Characterization of Therapeutic mAb Charge Heterogeneity by iCIEF Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (iCIEF–MS)Global characterization of modifications to the charge isomers of IgG antibody

Johannes Schlecht, Bernd Moritz, Steffen Kiessig, Christian Neusüß
September 23, 2022,

Global characterization of modifications to the charge isomers of IgG antibody

Xinling Cui, Wei Mi, Zhishang Hu, Xiaoyu Li, Bo Meng, Xinyuan Zhao, Xiaohong Qian, Tao Zhu, Wantao Ying
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 12 (2022) 156-163

High-Efficiency Preparative Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (iCIEF) and iCIEF-MS Protein Charge Variant Characterisation

Tong Chen, Teresa Kwok, Anne Rose Esmin, Victor Li, Gerard Rozing, Tiemin Huang
Chromatography, May / June 2021,

High-Throughput Precision with On-Board Mixing for Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (iCIEF)

Katelyn Cousteils, Jennifer Hu, Victor Li, Tiemin Huang
Chromatography, February / March 2019,

Coupling imaged capillary isoelectric focusing with mass spectrometry using a nanoliter valve

Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
Electrophoresis, 2018, DOI 10.1002/elps.201800013

Determination of the isoelectric point of shortened glucagon-like peptide-1 by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging

Junjian Fang*, Jiexin Liu*, Haijing Li, Jianhua Cheng, Shengming Wu, and Fangting Dong
INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2018,

Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing(iCIEF) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry sharpens depth and width in biopharmaceutical discovery

Teresa Kwok, Xiaoxi Zhang, She Lin Chan, Zhen Long, Jessica Shi, Mike Zhou, Min Du, Tony Chen, Victor Li, Tao Bo, Tiemin Huang

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Characterization of monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates using iCIEF-MS online coupling platform

Xiaoxi Zhang, Tiemin Huang, Tony Chen, Tao Bo, and Min Du

https://assets.thermofisher.cn/TFS-Assets/CMD/posters/po-66139-asms22-monoclonal-antibodies-antibody-drug-conjugates-po66139-en.pdf, 2022

In Depth Characterization of mAb Charge Variants with iCIEF Fractionation Followed by Peptide Mapping Analysis

Xiaoxi Zhang, Zhigui Zhou, Min Sang, Tiemin Huang, Tony Chen, Tao Bo, and Min Du

https://assets.thermofisher.cn/TFS-Assets/CMD/posters/sub163-PO66105-ASMS2021-iCIEF-MS-Xiaoxi-v2-DFbrand-cbk-final.pdf, 2022

The Expanding Hyphenation of LC Techniques to MS for Intact Mass Characterization of Biopharmaceuticals During Development – Lessons Learned and The Road Ahead

Dan Bach Kristensen, Symphogen

17th Symposium on the Practical Applications of Mass Spectrometry in the Biotechnology Industry, September 2021

(Application Note) Comparison of Different Brands of Carrier Ampholytes for Monoclonal Antibody Charge Heterogeneity Analysis by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing

Christian Wenz, Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Biotherapeutics & Biosimilars, www.agilent.com/chem, 2017, Download PDF

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AES General Solutions

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